Bio-CNG compressed natural gas from renewable sources, e.g., from anaerobic digestion of organic waste sources
Bio-LNG liquefied natural gas from renewable sources, e.g., from anaerobic digestion of organic waste sources
Bio-SNG synthetic natural gas from renewable sources, e.g., from lignocellulose gasification
CH4 methane, a chemical compound, the main constituent of natural gas
CI compression ignited engine, ignition of the fuel through mechanical compression
CO2 carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas
CNG compressed natural gas
DISI direct injection spark ignition, at high pressure fuel is injected in the combustion chamber and ignited through a spark plug
Euro 5,6 European Union emission standard for passenger vehicles
Euro V, VI European Union emission standard for heavy-duty vehicles
EU-28 European Union with its 28 Member States
FQD Fuel Qualitative Directive, regulation the sustainability of biofuels
GHG greenhouse gas, a gas that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range
HDV heavy-duty vehicle, the category of vehicles including trucks, buses and coaches with weight over 3,5 tonnes or passenger vehicles with more than eight seats
HPDI high pressure direct injection, a process in which high pressure fuel is injected into the combustion chamber of an engine and ignited through a mechanical compression
JRC Joint Research Centre of the European Commission to support European policies with independent evidence
kWh kilowatt hour, unit of energy
LCA life-cycle assessment, a systematic set of procedures for compiling and examining the inputs and outputs of materials and energy and the associated environmental impacts directly attributable to the functioning of a product or service system throughout its life cycle
LDV light-duty vehicle, the category comprising passenger cars and vans with weight below 3,5 tonnes
LNG liquefied natural gas (stored @-163 degrees Celsius)
NEDC New European Driving Cycle, designed to assess the emission levels and fuel economy in passenger cars
NGV natural gas vehicle
Nm3 normal cubic metre, referenced at a temperature of 0°C and pressure of 1.01325 bar atmosphere
NOx nitrogen oxides, pollutants responsible for smog and acid rain
OEM original equipment manufacturer
PtG Power-to-Gas, process of creating synthetic natural gas from excess renewable electricity.
RDE real driving emissions, a test that measures pollutants and emissions emitted by vehicles while driving on the road
RED Renewable Energy Directive, policy for the production and promotion of energy from renewable sources in the EU
SI spark-ignited engine, a combustion process in which the air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark from a spark plug in the combustion chamber
SNG synthetic natural gas, natural gas produced from synthesis of H2, CO or CO2
SOx sulphur oxides, pollutants responsible for respiratory symptoms and acid rain
TtW tank-to-wheel, part of the life-cycle assessment that considers only the vehicle energy use and emissions from tailpipe
WLTP Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (for passenger vehicles and light commercial vans), a new regulatory test procedure for emissions and consumption for light duty vehicles following up NEDC from September 2017
WtT well-to-tank, part of the life-cycle assessment that considers only the impact from fuel production, transmission and distribution till the vehicle tank
WtW well-to-wheel, the combination of well-to-tank and tank-to-wheel analysis
WtX well-to-X (e.g., well-to-wheel, well-to-wake, and well-to-grid), part of the life-cycle assessment that considers different pathways for fuel production and energy uses, as well as associated emissions